The On-Shot, Running Shot, and Drive Shot

The Learning Dilemma

A common situation that enthusiastic novice bowlers get into is they get good enough that, at their home club, the draw master makes them skip a team, because, if they are put in as lead, that team will be too strong for friendly club games. The problem for the enterprising novice is that although free lessons are provided for groups of beginning players to teach them the draw shot, there are too few of these advancing novices to make lessons worthwhile for teaching additional shot types that any skip ought to have in his or her repertoire. Thankfully my coach loaned me a copy of "How to Play Lawn Bowls. The Centerline Method" This pamphlet was originally written by George H. Claridge, a top New Zealand bowler, and then revised and adapted by Joe Murphy for Canadian conditions.

This, in my opinion, is the clearest and most succinct treatment of advanced shots that I have been able to find. Most books for skips are filled with a lot of blather about team building, concentration, and morale maintenance that anyone with experience in the working world has already absorbed in management training courses at their workplace. This pamphlet sticks to the mechanics of advanced shot-making.

I will try to paraphrase some of these teachings rather than copy them since I am not sure about the copyright status of the publication in question.

The advanced shots treated are the on-shot, the running shot, and the drive shot.  These shots tend to blend into one another so I have set out what I understand to be the defining characteristics of each. 

Weighted Shots

Weighted shots are of several subtypes. All are intended to collide with something already in the head, either by wicking, wresting, trailing the jack, or just giving a reorganizing jolt a grouping of close-packed bowls in the head. These shots are delivered with enough force that they, themselves, are likely to stay in the head so long as they achieve their intended impact. 

On-Shot or Yard-On

The on-shot, unlike the running and drive shots, is a variation of the draw shot. It gets its name from the skip’s instruction asking for ‘another yard on’ meaning (s)he wants the same delivery path as the last but with a yard more length. When you draw into the head and come to a stop in front of another bowl one is said to “rest” on that bowl. When the objective is to hit the other bowl and come to rest yourself but move the other bowl some distance further along, your bowl is said to “wrest.” When directed at another bowl the on-shot is attempting to wrest or displace that target. To displace a bowl close to the jack, or to displace the jack, or to disturb the head, adjust by halving the draw width and increase the weight of delivery to take the bowl an additional 3.5 to 4.5 meters on through the head.

To recapitulate, the on-shot uses the exact same delivery as the draw shot but simply adjusts the grass and the weight. 

Introducing the Running and Drive Shots 

The running shot is a controlled weight shot of at least ditch weight. As taught in the Claridge/Murphy pamphlet the same ditch weight is used whether the head is close to the hog line or close to the forward ditch. The usual target is an opponent’s bowl. The usual object is to remove that target bowl from the count. Whether your bowl stays in or exits the head depends upon the length of the delivery path. The running shot is more accurate than the drive shot. It has to be since its target is often a single isolated opponent’s bowl, not a jack/bowls cluster. 

The drive shot is used to break up the head when you can reach neither the opponent’s shot bowl nor the jack in any other way when you want to kill the end or to displace a confined target accessible only through a port parallel to the centerline. The drive delivers the bowl with as much force as you can dependably control. Everything is done to make the bowl’s path as straight a line to the target as possible. 

The running and drive shots use techniques different from the draw. 

The running shot does not use any elevation to provide power; the weight comes from a long step-out that pulls the bowl combined with a strong muscle push. 

In contrast, the drive shot has a different starting stance that eliminates as much as possible weight transfer from side to side and uses a slightly different grip that minimizes the chance of finger deflections. this grip also applies wobble to the bowl to further straighten its path.  This is combined with a bigger backswing to provide power by elevating the bowl.

Running Shot Technique

 The running shot, it is generally agreed, is more accurate than the drive shot. It is only when many bowls must be dispersed that the extra energy of a drive shot is needed. The running shot is for a precise excision from the head while the drive is a grenade into the head! In common practice, the drive is often used when the running shot is a better choice. The delivery of the running shot begins with the delivery arm holding the bowl hanging vertically and the body bent from the waist to bring the bowl close to the ground. Some players use a little backswing for this shot but no backswing is preferred. In setting a target point, reduce the draw width by two-thirds and set a target on  this new aim line next to the object to be displaced. All running shots are delivered with the same consistent ditch weight. Swing the bowl a time or two along the aim line. The shot is delivered by pushing off with the stationary foot and taking a big step forward close and parallel to the aim line pulling the bowl with your body movement and pushing the bowl along the aim line to the target with your arm muscles. The idea is that consistency in the length of the step and in the application of muscular force through the arm and fingers will produce a reproducible weight that is at least ditch weight. The backswing is minimized because it is this swing that can most often throw your body offline and cause aiming inaccuracy.

Drive Shot Technique

Without Aggressive Tilt

The grip on the bowl for the drive is different than for other shots. It is necessary to use the claw grip with your three longest fingers working together on one side of the bowl and your thumb on the other. The claw is necessary because the bowl must be securely gripped during a substantial backswing. The middle finger must be placed along the middle of the running surface of the bowl. The other longer fingers can be in each of the gripping rings. The middle finger will be the last part of the hand in contact with the bowl and because your arm is accelerating to provide speed the effect of this finger may be exaggerated compared to more slowly delivered shots so it must not deflect the bowl from the aim line. The thumb, which for other shots is usually in one of the gripping rings, should be placed halfway between the centre running surface line of the bowl and a gripping ring. Your little finger may be placed anywhere that feels comfortable. When delivered with speed, this grip will send the bowl away with a wobble, which helps to keep the bowl running straight. Now take a stance on the mat so that you will be delivering the bowl over the front centre edge of the mat. The stance is the standard one except that the foot that will be stepping out should be placed comfortably forward of the foot anchoring you firmly on the mat. All the weight is on this anchor foot and the forward foot is used only for balance. The anchor foot should point at the aiming point, which is the target or a point only slightly displaced from the target. Unlike in the running shot, where the power comes from a long step out pulling the arm and a strong muscle push accelerating the bowl, in the drive the step out will be small and the power will come from elevating the bowl in the backswing. Body motions other than that of the arm are minimized. The body should be in a crouch at the beginning of delivery. Your back should be already bent about 45 degrees to bring your delivery hand down to the grass. Your forward step is going to be small because the step out foot is already somewhat advanced. The bowl should be released when your arm comes down to the vertical and the arm should follow through along the aiming line with the delivery arm. You must move forward off the mat when the bowl is delivered to prevent your body weight from wrenching sideways at the bowl's release. Holding on to the bowl too long before releasing it will draw the bowl off your aim line (narrow if on the forehand and wide if on the backhand).

Using Aggressive Tilt or Wobble

For Right-handed Bowlers

Hold the bowl in your left hand with the non-bias side (large centre disc) on the left.  Place your right hand over the bowl and grip it with the first three fingers, the middle finger being halfway between the gripping ring on the non-bias side of the bowl (large centre disc) and the centre of the bowl.  Place your thumb on the opposite side of the bowl halfway between the centre of the bowl and the gripping ring on the bias side of the bowl (small centre disc), your little finger may be placed anywhere for comfort.  Turn your right hand over.  Hold the palm of your right-hand level with the ground.  You are ready to step onto the mat to bowl on the forehand. The top of the bowl is tilted away from you.

Hold the bowl in your left hand with the non-bias side (large centre disc) on the right.  Place your right hand over the bowl and grip it with the first three fingers, the middle finger being halfway between the gripping ring on the bias side of the bowl (small centre disc) and the centre of the bowl.  Place your thumb on the opposite side of the bowl halfway between the centre of the bowl and the gripping ring on the non-bias side of the bowl (large centre disc), your little finger may be placed anywhere for comfort.  Turn your right hand over.  Hold the palm of your right-hand level with the ground.  You are ready to step onto the mat to bowl on the backhand.  The top of the bowl is tilted towards you.

For Left-Handed Bowlers

Hold the bowl in your right hand with the non-bias side (large centre disc) on the right.  Place your left hand over the bowl and grip it with the first three fingers, the middle finger being halfway between the gripping ring on the non-bias side of the bowl (large centre disc) and the centre of the bowl.  Place your thumb on the opposite side of the bowl halfway between the centre of the bowl and the gripping ring on the bias side of the bowl (small centre disc), your little finger may be placed anywhere for comfort.  Turn your left hand over.  Hold the palm of your left hand level with the ground.  You are ready to step onto the mat to bowl on the forehand. The top of the bowl is tilted away from you.

Hold the bowl in your right hand with the non-bias side (large centre disc) on the left.  Place your left hand over the bowl and grip it with the first three fingers, the middle finger being halfway between the gripping ring on the bias side of the bowl (small centre disc) and the centre of the bowl.  Place your thumb on the opposite side of the bowl halfway between the centre of the bowl and the gripping ring on the non-bias side of the bowl (large centre disc), your little finger may be placed anywhere for comfort.  Turn your left hand over.  Hold the palm of your left hand level with the ground.  You are ready to step onto the mat to bowl on the backhand.  The top of the bowl is tilted towards you.

I Can’t Even Accurately Estimate the Length of the Jack in Lawn Bowls

It takes a novice, like myself, several years to learn to control one’s body sufficiently to more often than not deliver a bowl with the proper grass, even on a perfectly level rink; however, in my opinion, this is child’s play compared to the difficulty of delivering with controlled weight. The fact is that standing on the mat I cannot even accurately estimate how many meters down the green the jack has been thrown. If my brain cannot determine that distance how can I instruct my muscles how much force to apply to my bowl? This inability to estimate the distance is more severe if I am playing on a middle rink. The closer I am to the edge of the green the easier it is to gauge the distance helped by looking at the closer side boundary. Often the edge of the green has its own calibration used when the bowling is proceeding cross-wise.

In this respect, the skip has an advantage over colleagues since when (s)he bowls (s)he knows from being at the head exactly where the jack sits. I would appreciate a skip who tells me (1) how many meters behind the hog line, or (2) in front of the front ditch, the jack is. On the occasions when I have asked, skips look at me quizzically or grudgingly. Sometimes they pace it off as if it was unnecessary information that I ought to acquire by myself. How can I be expected to deliver a bowl within a meter of the correct length without knowing that distance?

Perhaps this is a particular deficiency in me but what can I do to improve it or hasten the acquisition of this skill?


 

Again Remember--Plant that Forward Foot then Begin Your Swing

Whether just practicing or in a tournament the same problem recurs. I know what the correct line for delivering my bowl is, but I can’t seem to consistently hit it. It would be comforting if the solution were difficult and one had to investigate a long checklist to find the culprit. The truth is that 80% of the time it is the same thing. Why can’t I simply understand that it is the most import element of a precise delivery? Get that foot you step out with completely planted before you start the forward swing of the bowl. Then stare at your stare point and you will hit it!

I know I’ve written this before, but, if I can’t get myself to do it how can I expect another novice to keep it top of mind.

The Tested Advice of the Delivery Doctor

I tried the grip recommended by the Delivery Doctor in the video clip with the appended link:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=anEr9-wYtR0

It feels so much more comfortable! My wife, Tish, who is a first year novice bowler, also tried it. Our bowls hit their line more consistently and they ended up in a tighter group at the head! The advice seems to be easier to apply with narrow bowls with distinct grip circles on either side. Tish and I use Taylor Vector VS bowls but every manufacturer has narrow bowls. As the Doctor says you don’t want your thumb or little finger along the side of the bowl as 'training wheels'. You want the bowl to roll off your two middle fingers.

The conventional wisdom is that you want your index finger alone on the center of the running surface to be in contact with the bowl last. This does not seem to be best experimentally.

One Cannot Use Only Elevation to Power Your Bowl to Long Jacks on Healthy Well-Watered Grass

My home bowling club is James Gardens, Toronto, Canada. We have just 8 rinks with an outdoor synthetic sand-packed carpet. I bowl most frequently at this club because it is within a ten minute walk of my retirement condominium and I can see whether the green is playable from my 18^th floor balcony.

Playing mostly on this surface I developed my delivery during these last two seasons. For the shortest jacks, I simply push my bowl out with no backswing whatever. In this situation my bowling arm starts hanging exactly vertical. All the energy supplied to the bowl comes from an arm push out and from my body’s momentum as I step a medium step length forward. For the longest jacks, a backswing of 45 degrees from the vertical combined with the same medium step forward takes the bowl rather consistently to 2 meters from the front ditch. For intermediate lengths I adjust my backswing. This was all and good as far as it went.  

On Saturday July 27^th, I participated in the 2^nd Annual Tournament of Champions, which is sponsored by The Richard Bruton Wealth Management Group, and to which the winners from other feeder tournaments in different localities around Ontario are invited. My take home lesson, offered to me by one of many kind opponents, and reinforced by the loss of my three matches, was that depending upon elevation of the bowl, as I was doing, to provide most of the power needed to deliver, either short or long, on healthy natural grass does not consistently prvide sufficient control to compete at this more skilled level. One needs to have a very controlled backswing passing precisely back along one’s aim line and ending at a consistent height off the grass, followed by a variable muscle-derived acceleration of the bowl commensurate with the distance to the jack.

So back to the green to teach my muscles the appropriate lessons!

It’s the Backswing not the Follow Through that is More Important

The time, tunnel-vision, and introspection I have applied to my follow-through after releasing a bowl is substantial. I have attributed so many missed shots to this or that error in releasing the bowl. For example: my hand came up too high or not enough; my palm turned inward; my arm came across my body; my grip was imprecise; my little finger should be raised more or my baby index got in the way and caused a swerve. Well folks, my experience, little as it is, is that a different factor is more important than any of the usual combinations of the above mentioned putative failings. For me, it is the backswing that is overwhelmingly important. It should be slow, deliberate and critically- your delivery arm needs to be tight enough to your side as you draw it back to brush your body. Only if this happens will the bowl easily and naturally follow your aim line.
The corollary of this is to remove all bulky objects from the pants pocket on the delivery arm side. They will and should ( if you are doing it right) interfere with a proper delivery.  

The Physics of Lawn Bowling

One really doesn’t throw lawn bowls. The language we use to describe an activity is picked for convenience and broad understanding but it is not always as aptly descriptive as we might want it. We can give a wrong impression of what is required to a lesser or greater extent and this impression can perniciously stay with us. I think this is true from my experience taking up lawn bowling. The verb throwing implies that kinetic energy is supplied to the object being thrown by muscle action, the object is released from the hand and it travels away consuming that kinetic energy. A corollary of this perspective is that the point of maximum energy expenditure by the bowler must be the point of release of the bowl. I have found that this perception of lawn bowling delivery can’t make a good bowler because it is wrong.
 
Grassing a bowl is more akin to archery than it is to baseball or golf. Most of the energy that powers the lawn bowl down the rink towards the jack comes from the controlled descent to the green of the heavy bowl from whatever height you have raised it to in your backswing. In the same way, the energy that drives an arrow towards an archery target comes from the tension/energy that you store in the bow and bowstring when you carefully draw it back before the arrow is released. In both of these the energy is expended before the projectile’s release and then transferred to the projectile as it is released.

  

How Does the Skip Provide the Correct Grass for Teammates?

I was playing in a tournament an all novice triples tournament at Heritage Greens Kitchener Ontario on Sunday. One of my teammates turned out to be an excellent  junior bowler. After the first game, when I saw that he bowled better than the rest of the team, I asked him if he would skip the remaining two games because his bowls were consistently the closest of ours to the jack, but, because he was lead the opponents had many shots at displacing them. Owen and Grant made some remarkable shots but they could not overcome my extraordinarily substandard play, so we lost all our matches.

But that is beside my point here. This young  Owen fellow stood to whichever side I planned to bowl and indicated with his feet what my aim point should be. At first I, foolishly it turned out, used what I had calculated should be my line with my Vector VS bowls, but when that gave a bad outcome I tried taking the line running right to his feet. Owen was right over and over! The bowl went beautifully so long as I laid it down on this line (which wasn’t often that day). My question is: how does a skip do this? That is; choosing where to place his feet to signal the grass while looking only at the jack and then back towards me on the mat. He must be estimating the angle needed for my bowl just from seeing my previous bowl that, incredible to me, he only observed from directly behind the jack.

I ordinarily select my stare point by choosing a line based on an object or mark at the forward ditch. Owen and those like him have another method. What is it? How do you learn it?