Interpreting What You Can See from the Mat

Above you can view a head of bowls with a long jack as seen from the mat (top) and then taken from just in front of the head (below). Using the rules in the table below you can quickly work out the disposition of the bowls without visiting the head. 

In order to bowl the proper length, you must be able to provide accurate information to your subconscious computer.  You need to tell it whether your last bowl was long or short and by how much. Particularly in singles, this must be done at least part of the time by an estimation done from the mat. You can't go back and forth to the head after every bowl! Even in non-singles games, some skips may not be competent to properly and concisely convey important information. Other skips may modify the truth to save your feelings or as part of their own strategy to correct your play. Such misinformation will only confuse your natural gift for making adjustments.

In lawn bowls, the jack may be placed anywhere from 21 meters to 29.5 meters in advance of the front edge of the mat. My eye level is 66 inches from the ground (I am six feet tall). Thus at 29.5 meters the angle between the horizontal and my line of sight is 3.25 degrees. When the jack is at 21 meters, the corresponding angle for me is 4.56 degrees. My bowls when lying flat have a height of about 4.25 inches and these bowls' diameter is 5 inches, so standing up each has a height of 5 inches.  A jack’s diameter is 2.5 inches. Doing the calculations I get the numbers in the table below.

	Completely see Jack behind Bowl	See half Jack behind Bowl	Completely see Bowl behind Jack	Completely see Bowl behind Bowl
Short Jack	Inches	Inches	Inches	Inches
	49.5	33.9	27.6	53.3
	Feet	Feet	Feet	Feet
	∿ 4	∿3	∿ 2	∿ 4.5
Long Jack	Inches	Inches	Inches	Inches
	71.1	49.1	40.3	74.8
	Feet	Feet	Feet	Feet
	∿ 6	∿4	∿3.5	∿6

It is worth noting that a bowl can be as much as two feet in front of the jack and still completely hide it, so even though the jack is covered a good draw can readily become the shot bowl.  Also, even if the jack is completely hidden as seen from the mat, there can be plenty of room to catch and trail the jack without touching the covering bowl.

Another Reason to Draw Your Bowl Behind the Kitty

 Keywords: lawn bowls, tactics, strategy, delivery, draw, shot, competition, short, long, bias, tipping over, jack, weight

Novice lawn bowlers are frequently reminded that drawing long behind the jack is strategically better than being short and in front. The usual reason given is that when the jack is moved by a later bowl that movement is almost always backwards. Short bowls are very likely to end up further from the jack when the final count is taken. There is another very good reason that can be precisely quantified. Short bowls, when they tip over, usually fall away from the jack. Long bowls tend to fall down so that they end up closer to the jack. The amount the former moves closer  and the latter further away is exactly the same; that is 3 .5 inches. The result for two bowls, one that draws so that its centre of mass ends up 1 foot behind the jack and the other so its  centre of mass ends up 1 foot in front of the jack, is that after each tips over, the back bowl will be 7 inches closer than the front one! In competition this will often make a difference .

The Secret to Controlled Weight Delivering Lawn Bowls

I learned something today that was so startling and made such a dramatic difference that I was tempted to keep it as a secret- just for a year or two- I thought. Why should I share the secret? Then I thought again, “What is the point of writing a lawn bowling blog especially for novices if you hide the most important thing you discover?”

So here it is! You all must have heard, “It doesn’t matter what your style, consistency depends upon reproducibility of the delivery whatever it is.” This is true; but, I didn’t realize how precisely the statement must be interpreted. You need to be able to reproduce the same form exactly, in every detail, even those things that you think can’t be very important. This is why simple delivery styles are best, even though any style can be perfected. Uncomplicated movements are the easiest (I didn’t say easy) to repeat consistently, end after end, season after season. There is a valuable dividend that follows from this simplicity. If your style is reproducible in every little respect then your mental computer will make corrections to the speed with which you release the bowl to correct for previous short or long bowls.

I say I have magically improved my draw accuracy. What was I doing inconsistently before? My follow through was not sufficiently controlled. My bowling hand came up somewhat higher sometimes than other times. My fingers flexed sometimes while remaining straight other times. I would not have expected that these are consequential differences, but they are. 

I discovered these differences watching professional indoor bowlers on Youtube and asking myself, “How does my delivery deviate most from theirs?” The answer was that, in the follow through for any draw shot, their hands were still pointing to the ground. They never raised their bowling arm more than 45 degrees from the vertical. They stopped the arm rather more abruptly after releasing the bowl and never curled their fingers up. Moreover, many of the best players followed through by walking. with halting measured steps off the mat following the line of delivery and as they watched the progress of each bowl. See for example Foster and Marshall in http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zql2KzXudGI who exhibit this distinctly. With these two champions the exaggeration of these points makes it even easier to see.

So now I keep these little things constant, concentrate on a smooth release onto the green and let my subconscious computer determine the weight. All I tell myself is whether the jack is short, medium or long while I look carefully at its position. I don't consciously measure my backswing the way I did when I started! 

Draw or Drive at Lawn Bowls: The Tactical Decision

There is an old saying: draw for dough, drive for show.

I think that this is saying is that those who win the tournaments use the drive shot less frequently than those who do not. That is, those who drive most often end up out of the money.

But this may be confusing cause and effect. Those who drive most often do so because they are already in trouble. They are already most at risk of having a multiple count against them or losing outright in the final ends; that is- being out of the money. The winners who eventually get that ‘dough’ are most likely the ones threatening to score a big count.

To know when it is tactically wise to drive in singles or as the skip in other contests, (in team games you don't bowl with weight unless the skip calls for it), you need to know some statistics about your own draw accuracy. I use the median of medians test to measure this. For example, for me, only one bowl in three come less than 52 inches from the jack. From this, I calculate that only one bowl in six will be within 37 inches. This is pretty bad; but hey, I’m still a novice playing on a fast green.

Anyway, one bowl sitting beside the jack can present a cross-sectional target as large as 17 inches. Furthermore, with a hard drive one does not need to worry about accuracy with respect to weight. How hard your bowl crashes into the forward ditch doesn’t matter. Consequently, the problem is reduced from a two-dimensional problem for that draw for shot: correct line and correct weight; or the one-dimensional problem: correct line for the drive. Which do I think I have a better chance of achieving: driving and passing within 8 ½ inches (either side) of the center of my target one bowl out of six; or drawing within 37 inches of the jack one out of six? Assuming a bit of instruction and practice in the basics of driving, the latter would be my statistical choice. Remember most people drive faster than necessary and so lose accuracy. But also remember, there are other tactical considerations because the two shots' purposes are different. Generally, drawing is to score while  driving is to save.

So:

1. For a promising drive, the target should be at least as large as a jack-high bowl separated by 5  inches (the cross-section of my bowl) from the jack.

2. You must almost certainly have the prospect to save at least 1, usually more, if you hit anywhere on the target.

3. You should have a second or third in the head which you are very unlikely to hit with your drive.

My conclusion is that, so long as you have been taught something about driving, you are likely to use it properly more when you are just a 3-5 year novice, because your median draw shot is relatively inaccurate. As your draw ability improves, driving will become tactically less often appropriate. Put another way, as you become more likely to win dough, you will be less frequently in situations where driving is the statistically correct tactic. 

Shoulder Season: Time to Practice Running and Drive Shots

At the James Garden Lawn Bowling Club in Toronto Canada http://www.jamesgardenslbc.ca/ , October is the end of the bowling season. By the end of the month the last day to clean out lockers has come and gone. If you know the combination for the lock on the bowling shed you can still get mats, jacks etc. Most bowlers are gone. It can be rainy and cold. Alley bowling, curling, hockey and figure skating beckon for a large part of the membership. This is a good time for me to get out, on the better days, to practice running shots and drive shots. Now there are no people playing on adjacent greens to find you a nuisance and to grumble or to disparage your first novice attempts. Even when you could confine all the bowls to your own rink during the popular bowling months, there was a vocal contingent who thought giving anything more than a nudge to opposition bowls was not sporting. Now I can practice in secret! From the end of December until the middle of March I will be in Sydney Australia where my wife and I have been invited to play and take advantage of the coaching at the Turramurra Lawn Bowling Club.  

Choosing Your Bowl Size; Different Advice

When I started lawn bowling in May 2012, I followed the standard advice. If I could touch both my two index fingers and my two thumbs together at the same time while encircling the running surface of the bowl, it was not too big for me. Following this advice I started with a number 4 Vector VS made by Taylor. (Such bowls are the best value/price delivered in Canada  and ordered on-line.)

Now after two years of experience, my own suggestion is different. Nonetheless, there is nothing wrong with this standard advice, if you are just going to be a social bowler who never tries anything but a draw shot. If, however, there is the slightest chance that you are going to get hooked on this game and become serious and competitive, your bowl size should be the one which you can hold firmly when you are holding the bowl with your hand inverted (thumb towards the ground) using the grip you will employ for a drive shot. (It is not necessarily comfortably holding the bowl this way; you will feel a strain from the weight of the bowl but you should be able to hold it 15 seconds without falling. The reason for this requirement is that the drive shot requires a substantial backswing. At the high point in that backswing you will be holding your bowl in your drive grip with your thumb underneath the bowl. It is at this point that you are most likely to lose your grip on the bowl.

I have found that if I use the next smaller size to what I would have chosen using the conventional test (in my case a number 3 instead of a number 4 bowl), my hold on the bowl even during a drive is  more secure.  I have never heard this advice anywhere but that is what works for me!

The Rules for Using Ground Sheets

I lawn bowl in Canada and the weather is rarely conducive to the most comfortable bowling. The outdoor season is no more than 6 months, to begin with, and we have a good deal of wet weather as well as rather heavy early morning dew. Tournament authorities often require ground sheets. Some clubs I have played at, it seems, always use ground sheets for club play. They have many players who drop their bowls, so I sympathize with these greenkeepers. In my limited experience, groundsheets do prevent divots.

Despite their widespread use in Canada, it seems not everybody even among tournament players  knows the rules that pertain to groundsheets.  Since these rules may benefit beginning novices playing against more seasoned opponents, assertive beginners ought to know them. The conditions of play as issued by the Ontario Lawn Bowls Association make no reference to groundsheets so the relevant rules apply without modification. I quote from the Laws of the Sport of Bowls, Crystal Mark Second Edition. http://www.worldbowlsltd.co.uk/laws/Crystal_Mark_Second_Edition.pdf

1.3.12 Groundsheet: a rectangular piece of canvas or other suitable fabric placed temporarily on the surface of the green to protect it from any damage caused as a result of a player delivering the jack or a bowl.  The rear edge of the groundsheet should be placed at least 2 meters from the rear ditch and at least 25 meters from the front ditch (in line with requirements for placing the mat described in laws 19.1.1 and 19.1.5).

 19.1.5  If one or more groundsheets are to be used (outdoor play only), the following will apply:

19.1.5.1 
The Controlling Body should consult the nominated greenkeeper before deciding where the groundsheets will be placed. The position should be in line with law 1.3.12

19.1.5.2
The Controlling Body can make the decision to use ground sheets either before the start of play or at any time during play.

19.1.5.3
The groundsheets should be securely fastened to the surface of the green using flat-headed pins (or an equivalent) that do not stick up from the surface.

19.1.5.4
The groundsheets should stay in the same position until the end of the game or until the Controlling Body decides they are no longer needed. 

19.1.5.5
The mat line should be placed on the rear edge of the groundsheet.

The last two are the most significant sections for my consideration here. The groundsheets on any rink are not to be moved from the initial positions they have been placed in. These positions are not necessarily the same on each rink. Players are not to adjust the sheets on their rink. The mat is not to be moved forward on the groundsheet. Its front edge should always touch or slightly overlap the back edge of the ground sheet. Note particularly that the groundsheets are not to be moved forward in the same way the mat can be when playing without groundsheets. Neither can the ground sheet closer to the front ditch be taken up during play. Only the Controlling Body can order that all the ground sheets be taken up.

The effect of these rules is to simplify the game and this in general benefits less experienced players. When groundsheets are in play the controlling skip cannot order the mat brought forward. The mat position is fixed at the back edge of the groundsheet. The only way to change the condition of play is by throwing different lengths of jack from the fixed mat position.

It is the skips and only the skips who decide that a ruling is needed on a law. As a non-skip, all you can do is inform your skip of the appropriate Law of the Sport of Bowls. If your skip does not wish to take action that is the end of it. Don’t lose your concentration over it! If you are playing singles, then you are your own skip and you can stop the action and call for an umpire’s ruling. In this situation, the umpire’s decision is not final. Law 56.2.6 allows an appeal to the Controlling Body.

Although, you would be in the right, trying to enforce these rules regarding groundsheets at any time, will only distract you. Never make an issue of them, unless it is in a competition exceedingly important for you. Despite being correct, you may nevertheless be overruled by local authorities who will be embarrassed and likely to disfavor you. The most you may do is delay play or interfere with your opponent’s concentration. Certainly don’t let it interfere with your concentration. If you think it will say nothing. In friendly games, all you might do is casually mention to others on the rink that the laws are in fact such and such.
 

Even More Improvements in Delivery Accuracy by Starting the Bowl Delivery More Slowly

I am a second year novice lawn bowler that has practiced and played most often on a fast synthetic outdoor carpet. My home club is James Gardens in Toronto Canada. Less frequently, I practice on natural grass at the Willowdale Lawn Bowling Club in North York. Almost all my tournament matches are played on grass since it is the overwhelmingly most common surface in the region.

My performance in practice and in tournaments on grass is unmistakably inferior to my play on the synthetic surface. At first, I thought it was just unfamiliarity with the surface, but even during a practice session on grass my delivery seemed to remain haphazard and my bad bowls random even after practicing for ½ hour.

Yet finally, by making one change, I was able almost instantly to start bunching my bowls closely around the jack, when only minutes before a comparable set were disposed over a rather wide area around it.   I slowed down my delivery. I drew back the bowl in the backswing very gradually. I then stepped forward smartly just before or as the backswing is complete and planted my advancing foot firmly. Then, and only then, did I swing forward towards my stare point and follow through.

Why was this timing problem showing up so much more seriously on grass than on the synthetic carpet? I think because, recognizing that I needed to deliver the bowl with more power, I was speeding up not just the forward motion of my arm but the entire delivery sequence and this caused me to start my forward swing before my advancing foot was firmly planted. Even my backswing was being sped up making the elevation of the bowl more in error.

It seems every action in the delivery, whether on a fast synthetic surface or on slow grass, needs to be identical right up until the start of the forward swing and this applies most particularly to the timing!

  Using this insight I contributed something when my triples team won two of three in the last open tournament of the Canadian season. We even got some money!